nomes of Egypt - Upper Egypt
nomes of Egypt
Division of ancient Egypt into smaller administratory units – nome
was performed yet in the Old Kingdom and survived
Division of ancient Egypt into smaller administratory units – nome
was performed yet in the Old Kingdom and survived
with minor changes up to invasion of Arabs in VII AD
Generally one can assume existence of 42 provinces
of which 22 were in Upper
and 20 in Lower Egypt
During the Old and Middle Kingdoms a nom was managed
Generally one can assume existence of 42 provinces
of which 22 were in Upper
and 20 in Lower Egypt
During the Old and Middle Kingdoms a nom was managed
by nomarkh or overseer of district
His rule, strengthened by the pharaoh became rivalry to central rule
Sometimes an increase in significance of a nome together
His rule, strengthened by the pharaoh became rivalry to central rule
Sometimes an increase in significance of a nome together
with ambitions of the nomarch ruling it lead to downfall
of the reign and its breakup into smaller provinces
usually fighting against each other
Especially during intermediate periods various nomarchs
usurped their right to the crown
Some of them had given rise to strong dynasties
that regained central rule in the country
1
Bow
(tA-sty)
Iat-Rek
(Philae)
Nile island with famous sacral complex
of Isis and Hathor dated back to III BC
Bow
(tA-sty)
Iat-Rek
(Philae)
Nile island with famous sacral complex
of Isis and Hathor dated back to III BC
After Lower Nubia had been flooded by
waters of lake Nasser due to building of Assuan Dam the temples
were moved on Agilkia island
Suentet
(Syene, Asuan)
One ofmost important cities in ancient Egypt
with strategic location at the Nubian boundary
Here were found buildings dated back to first dynasties
Famous granite and alabaster quarries
Nubet
(Ombos, Kom Ombo)
Suentet
(Syene, Asuan)
One ofmost important cities in ancient Egypt
with strategic location at the Nubian boundary
Here were found buildings dated back to first dynasties
Famous granite and alabaster quarries
Nubet
(Ombos, Kom Ombo)
Nome capital In Ptolemaic Period with temples of Sobek and Haroeris dated back to II BC
Abu
(Elephantine, Gasirat al-Asuan)
Nome capital and boundary bastion erected on island
Temples of Khnum
(Nektanebo II)
and Satet
(New Kingdom)
and famous Nilometer discovered in 1822
Cheny (Gebel)
2
Trone of Horus
(Ts Hrw)
Djeba, Wetes-Hor, Behdet
(Apollinopolis Magna, Edfu)
Mastabas dated back to Old Kingdom.
Center of worship of Horus – temple from Ptolemaic Period.
3
Nekhen
(nxn)
Nekheb
(Eileithyiaspolis, Elkab)
Nome capital In limes of New Kongdom.
Cult center of goddess Nekhbet and Thot – temples.
Temple of Nektanebo and ruined temple of Tuthmosis III.
Numerous rock tombs of nobles.
Nekhen
(Hierakonpolis, Kom el-Ahmar)
Temple of Upper Egypt in Predynastic Period.
First capital of the nome III.
Cult center of Horus and goddess Nekhbet,
the personification of white crown.
Temple of Nekhbet erected
by Amenhotep II and extended by Ramesses II.
Temple of Thot built in times of Tuthmosis III.
Yunet
(Latopolis, Esna)
Capital of nome in times of Nekhen’s domination. Cult center of Neith and Khnum.
Temple dated back to Ptolemaic - Roman period.
Hefat
(Moalla)
4
Waset
(wAst)
Waset, No-Amon
(Diospolis Magna, Thebes, Luxor, Karnak)
Capital of Egypt in New Kingdom
Cult center of Amon
Largest temple complex on eastern side
of Nile – temples of Amon, Mut, Khonsu
(Theban triad)
Moreover temples of Ptah and Apet
(goddess worshipped as mother of Osiris)
On western side of the river was area called Western Thebes, with numerous necropolises, funerary temples and famous Valleys of Kings and Queens
Djamet
(Medinet Habu)
Mortuary temple
of Ramesses III and small temple of Hatshepshut and Tuthmosis III
Cult center of Amun
Yuni (Hermonthis, Armant)
Capital of nome up to dynasty XVIII
Temple of Montu worshipped as bull Bukhis. Bukheum – necropolis of bulls Bukhises
Per-Hathor
(Pathyris, Aphoditopolis, Gebelein)
Theban district. Cult center of Thot
Cult Hathor and Sobek of Sumenu
Djerti
(Tuphium, Tod)
5
Two Falcons
(Hrwy)
Gesi
(Apollinopolis Parva, Kus)
In Roman times named Dioclecianopolis
and in Coptic - Kus Berbir
Cult of Haroeris and Heqet
Gebtiu
(Koptos, Kuft)
Capital of nome
Main deities
Min, Isis and Horus
Significant economical center of Upper Egypt that connected the Nile Valley through Wadi Hammamat with Red Sea
(Kosejr)
Nebet
(Ombos, Kom Bellal, Tukh)
Cult of Seth
6
Crocodile
(msH)
Yunet
(Tenthyris, Dendera)
Capital of nome with reminders of ancient Egyptian temples
among others temples of Hathor and Isis
Also Mammisi
(temple of birth)
of Nektanebo and another one
both dated back to Roman Period
7
Sistrum
(sSS)
Hut
Hut-Sekhem
(Diospolis Parva, Hiw)
Known as the City of Sistrum
Cult center of goddess Bat,
assimilated with Hathor in times of first dynasties.
8
Large Land
(tA-wr)
Abdju
(Osiris, Abydos)
10 km north-west from Baliana,
with well preserved traces of very old settlements. Abydos served as necropolis for This,
the nearby located capital of first dynasties. Abydos became growing center of cult of Osiris since dynasty VI and later of Khenty Amentiu. Under dynasty XIX Seti I erected here temple devoted to his father, Ramesses I, and started to build his own mortuary temple.
Also Ramesses II built in Abydos small mortuary temple.
From Abydos come two famous tables, the monuments being fundamental for assigning chronology of Egyptian rulers.
This, Tjeny
(Thinis, Girga)Capital of nome, also of the country
in times of two first dynasties.
9
Min
(mnw)
Ipu
(-Khent-Min)
(Khemmis Panopolis, Akhmim)
Capital of nome and one of most important cities in Upper Egypt
Temple of Min and center of fertility worship
Hut-Repit
(Athribis, Wanina)
10
Wadjet
(cobra) (wADyt)
Djeuka
(Antaeopolis, Kaw el-Kebir)
Cult center of Seth from Tjebu
Home of queen Tiji
the wife of Amenhotep III
11
Tjay
(stX)
Shas-Hotep
(Hypselis, Shutb)
Capital of the smallest of Egyptian nomes
Temples of Seth and Maat
12
Viper
(Dw-f)
(Apotheke, Abutig)
Capital of nome.
Cult of god Anti and Khnum was developin here in times of Ramesses II.
Rock tombs of nobles from dynasty VI
with beautiful decorations representing daily life in Old Kingdom.
13
Nedjefet Khentet
(nart-f-xnt)
Sauti
(Lycopolis, Asyut)
Capital of nome playng significant role in First Intermediate Period
and during conflict of Theban nobles and Herakleopolitan kings
Cult center of Anubis and Wepwawet.
Important shipping point located on east-west caravan's’ route
Rock tombs dated to times of dynasty XII
14
Nedjefet Pehetet
(nart-f-pH)
Qis
(Cusae, el-Kusiya)
Necropolis with tombsof local nobles from Middle Kingdom
Cult of Hathor
Akhet-Aton
(el-Amarna)
Cult of god Thot and Ogdoada
near Ashmunein,
later also cult of Aton
Capital of the country in Amarna period with temples of solar cult
15
Hare
(wn)
Hare
(Antinoupolis, Shejkh Abada
Temple erected by Ramesses II
Khmunu
(Hermopolis Magna, Aszmunein)
Capital of nome
The biggest center of cult of Thot with his teple dated back to Middle
and New Kingdom
6 km east
in Tuna el-Gebel
there is a necropolis dated to Late Period
with numerous tombs and chapels
among others of Petosiris
the high priest of Thot in IV BCHeruer
(Hur)
16
Oryx
(mAHD)
Menat-Khufu
(el-Minia)
Important economic center
of contemporary Egypt
Hebenu
(Kom el-Ahmar)
Capital of nome
Cult center of Ramesses II
with his temple
Chapel in a cave of lion goddess Pakhet
the daughter of Re
Necropolis with 19 tombs of nobles
among others
a tomb of Nefer-Sekeru
the great royal scribe
17
Anupu
(inpw)
Hardai
(Cynopolis)
Temple of Anubis
and necropolis of dogs
18
Anty
(anty)
Teudjai
(Ankhyronpolis, el-Hiba)
Two temples
Anti and Sakhmet
erected by Sheshonq
Tombs dated back to dynasty XII
numerous findings of precious jewelry
19
Wab
(wAbwy)
Per-Medjed
(Oxyrynkhos, el-Bahnasa)
Capital of nome
Came to great significance
in Ptolemaic period
Cult of Seth and fish Mormyrus
20
Laurel Superior
(nart-xnt)
Henen-Nesut
(Heracleopolis, Ehnasije el-Medine)
Capital of nome
Became capital of the land in Herecleopolitan period
and was a residence of dynasty IX and X kings
Cult center of the ram-god Harsafes
whose temple, built by Ramesses II
was discovered in 1892-93 by Naville
In First Intermediate Period
the city gained some importance and its nomarchs became significant rulers
21
Laurel Inferior
(nart-pH)
(Meidum)
At western side of Nile there is a pyramid
and funerary complex of kinf Snofru
Cult of Khnum
Sheresi, Merwer, Shedyt
(Crokodilopolis, Arsinoe, Medinet el-Fayum)
Capital of nome
Cult center of Sobek and Hathor
22
Metenut
(dmt)
Itji-Tawi
(el-Lisht)
Capital of Egypt in limes of dynasty XII
Amenemhat I
and Senweseret I
ordered building of their pyramid-tombs nearby
Also here is found mastaba
of Senweseret-Ankh, the high priest
of Ptah and royal architect
(Aphroditopolis, Atfih)
Cult center of Hathor
(Afrodite in Greek period
Abu
(Elephantine, Gasirat al-Asuan)
Nome capital and boundary bastion erected on island
Temples of Khnum
(Nektanebo II)
and Satet
(New Kingdom)
and famous Nilometer discovered in 1822
Cheny (Gebel)
2
Trone of Horus
(Ts Hrw)
Djeba, Wetes-Hor, Behdet
(Apollinopolis Magna, Edfu)
Mastabas dated back to Old Kingdom.
Center of worship of Horus – temple from Ptolemaic Period.
3
Nekhen
(nxn)
Nekheb
(Eileithyiaspolis, Elkab)
Nome capital In limes of New Kongdom.
Cult center of goddess Nekhbet and Thot – temples.
Temple of Nektanebo and ruined temple of Tuthmosis III.
Numerous rock tombs of nobles.
Nekhen
(Hierakonpolis, Kom el-Ahmar)
Temple of Upper Egypt in Predynastic Period.
First capital of the nome III.
Cult center of Horus and goddess Nekhbet,
the personification of white crown.
Temple of Nekhbet erected
by Amenhotep II and extended by Ramesses II.
Temple of Thot built in times of Tuthmosis III.
Yunet
(Latopolis, Esna)
Capital of nome in times of Nekhen’s domination. Cult center of Neith and Khnum.
Temple dated back to Ptolemaic - Roman period.
Hefat
(Moalla)
4
Waset
(wAst)
Waset, No-Amon
(Diospolis Magna, Thebes, Luxor, Karnak)
Capital of Egypt in New Kingdom
Cult center of Amon
Largest temple complex on eastern side
of Nile – temples of Amon, Mut, Khonsu
(Theban triad)
Moreover temples of Ptah and Apet
(goddess worshipped as mother of Osiris)
On western side of the river was area called Western Thebes, with numerous necropolises, funerary temples and famous Valleys of Kings and Queens
Djamet
(Medinet Habu)
Mortuary temple
of Ramesses III and small temple of Hatshepshut and Tuthmosis III
Cult center of Amun
Yuni (Hermonthis, Armant)
Capital of nome up to dynasty XVIII
Temple of Montu worshipped as bull Bukhis. Bukheum – necropolis of bulls Bukhises
Per-Hathor
(Pathyris, Aphoditopolis, Gebelein)
Theban district. Cult center of Thot
Cult Hathor and Sobek of Sumenu
Djerti
(Tuphium, Tod)
5
Two Falcons
(Hrwy)
Gesi
(Apollinopolis Parva, Kus)
In Roman times named Dioclecianopolis
and in Coptic - Kus Berbir
Cult of Haroeris and Heqet
Gebtiu
(Koptos, Kuft)
Capital of nome
Main deities
Min, Isis and Horus
Significant economical center of Upper Egypt that connected the Nile Valley through Wadi Hammamat with Red Sea
(Kosejr)
Nebet
(Ombos, Kom Bellal, Tukh)
Cult of Seth
6
Crocodile
(msH)
Yunet
(Tenthyris, Dendera)
Capital of nome with reminders of ancient Egyptian temples
among others temples of Hathor and Isis
Also Mammisi
(temple of birth)
of Nektanebo and another one
both dated back to Roman Period
7
Sistrum
(sSS)
Hut
Hut-Sekhem
(Diospolis Parva, Hiw)
Known as the City of Sistrum
Cult center of goddess Bat,
assimilated with Hathor in times of first dynasties.
8
Large Land
(tA-wr)
Abdju
(Osiris, Abydos)
10 km north-west from Baliana,
with well preserved traces of very old settlements. Abydos served as necropolis for This,
the nearby located capital of first dynasties. Abydos became growing center of cult of Osiris since dynasty VI and later of Khenty Amentiu. Under dynasty XIX Seti I erected here temple devoted to his father, Ramesses I, and started to build his own mortuary temple.
Also Ramesses II built in Abydos small mortuary temple.
From Abydos come two famous tables, the monuments being fundamental for assigning chronology of Egyptian rulers.
This, Tjeny
(Thinis, Girga)Capital of nome, also of the country
in times of two first dynasties.
9
Min
(mnw)
Ipu
(-Khent-Min)
(Khemmis Panopolis, Akhmim)
Capital of nome and one of most important cities in Upper Egypt
Temple of Min and center of fertility worship
Hut-Repit
(Athribis, Wanina)
10
Wadjet
(cobra) (wADyt)
Djeuka
(Antaeopolis, Kaw el-Kebir)
Cult center of Seth from Tjebu
Home of queen Tiji
the wife of Amenhotep III
11
Tjay
(stX)
Shas-Hotep
(Hypselis, Shutb)
Capital of the smallest of Egyptian nomes
Temples of Seth and Maat
12
Viper
(Dw-f)
(Apotheke, Abutig)
Capital of nome.
Cult of god Anti and Khnum was developin here in times of Ramesses II.
Rock tombs of nobles from dynasty VI
with beautiful decorations representing daily life in Old Kingdom.
13
Nedjefet Khentet
(nart-f-xnt)
Sauti
(Lycopolis, Asyut)
Capital of nome playng significant role in First Intermediate Period
and during conflict of Theban nobles and Herakleopolitan kings
Cult center of Anubis and Wepwawet.
Important shipping point located on east-west caravan's’ route
Rock tombs dated to times of dynasty XII
14
Nedjefet Pehetet
(nart-f-pH)
Qis
(Cusae, el-Kusiya)
Necropolis with tombsof local nobles from Middle Kingdom
Cult of Hathor
Akhet-Aton
(el-Amarna)
Cult of god Thot and Ogdoada
near Ashmunein,
later also cult of Aton
Capital of the country in Amarna period with temples of solar cult
15
Hare
(wn)
Hare
(Antinoupolis, Shejkh Abada
Temple erected by Ramesses II
Khmunu
(Hermopolis Magna, Aszmunein)
Capital of nome
The biggest center of cult of Thot with his teple dated back to Middle
and New Kingdom
6 km east
in Tuna el-Gebel
there is a necropolis dated to Late Period
with numerous tombs and chapels
among others of Petosiris
the high priest of Thot in IV BCHeruer
(Hur)
16
Oryx
(mAHD)
Menat-Khufu
(el-Minia)
Important economic center
of contemporary Egypt
Hebenu
(Kom el-Ahmar)
Capital of nome
Cult center of Ramesses II
with his temple
Chapel in a cave of lion goddess Pakhet
the daughter of Re
Necropolis with 19 tombs of nobles
among others
a tomb of Nefer-Sekeru
the great royal scribe
17
Anupu
(inpw)
Hardai
(Cynopolis)
Temple of Anubis
and necropolis of dogs
18
Anty
(anty)
Teudjai
(Ankhyronpolis, el-Hiba)
Two temples
Anti and Sakhmet
erected by Sheshonq
Tombs dated back to dynasty XII
numerous findings of precious jewelry
19
Wab
(wAbwy)
Per-Medjed
(Oxyrynkhos, el-Bahnasa)
Capital of nome
Came to great significance
in Ptolemaic period
Cult of Seth and fish Mormyrus
20
Laurel Superior
(nart-xnt)
Henen-Nesut
(Heracleopolis, Ehnasije el-Medine)
Capital of nome
Became capital of the land in Herecleopolitan period
and was a residence of dynasty IX and X kings
Cult center of the ram-god Harsafes
whose temple, built by Ramesses II
was discovered in 1892-93 by Naville
In First Intermediate Period
the city gained some importance and its nomarchs became significant rulers
21
Laurel Inferior
(nart-pH)
(Meidum)
At western side of Nile there is a pyramid
and funerary complex of kinf Snofru
Cult of Khnum
Sheresi, Merwer, Shedyt
(Crokodilopolis, Arsinoe, Medinet el-Fayum)
Capital of nome
Cult center of Sobek and Hathor
22
Metenut
(dmt)
Itji-Tawi
(el-Lisht)
Capital of Egypt in limes of dynasty XII
Amenemhat I
and Senweseret I
ordered building of their pyramid-tombs nearby
Also here is found mastaba
of Senweseret-Ankh, the high priest
of Ptah and royal architect
(Aphroditopolis, Atfih)
Cult center of Hathor
(Afrodite in Greek period
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